Introduction to Alexandrite

Physical and Chemical Properties

• Chemical Composition: Alexandrite is a variety of chrysoberyl, composed of beryllium aluminum oxide (BeAl2O4).
• Hardness: It ranks at 8.5 on the Mohs scale, indicating excellent hardness, making it durable and suitable for everyday wear.
• Refractive Index: Alexandrite has a high refractive index, contributing to its brilliance and fire.
• Specific Gravity: Its specific gravity typically ranges around 3.5 to 3.8, higher than many other gemstones.

Formation and Geographic Origin

Alexandrite is formed in metamorphic rock environments where beryllium is present. The specific geological conditions required for its formation are rare, contributing to its scarcity. Historically, alexandrite was first discovered in Russia’s Ural Mountains in the 1830s. Today, it is also found in Brazil, Sri Lanka, Tanzania, and Madagascar, with each source producing stones with distinct hues and saturation levels.

Discovery and Naming

• Origin: Alexandrite was first discovered in the Ural Mountains of Russia in the early 19th century, around 1830.
• Naming: It was named after Tsar Alexander II of Russia, as it was found on the tsar’s birthday. The gemstone’s colors, green and red, mirrored the national military colors of Russia, adding to its patriotic appeal.

Russian Royalty and Aristocracy

• Early Popularity: Alexandrite quickly gained popularity in Russia, especially among the nobility and the royal family. Its unique color-changing ability and association with the tsar made it a symbol of elegance and prestige.
• Imperial Jewelry: The gemstone became a staple in Russian imperial jewelry and was often set in elaborate pieces worn by the aristocracy.

Global Recognition and Appeal

• Expansion of Sources: Following the initial discovery in Russia, alexandrite was later found in other parts of the world, including Brazil, Sri Lanka, and East Africa. This global discovery expanded its availability and appeal.
• Jewelry and Collectibles: Alexandrite’s rarity and unique characteristics made it a sought-after gemstone for exclusive jewelry and collectible pieces worldwide.

Symbolism and Lore

• Cultural Beliefs: In various cultures, alexandrite is believed to bring good luck and fortune. It is often associated with balance and harmony, reflecting its dual-color nature.
• Gemstone of Change: Owing to its color-changing properties, alexandrite is sometimes referred to as a “gemstone of change” or “emerald by day, ruby by night,” symbolizing adaptability and transformation.

Modern Times and Synthetic Variants

• Contemporary Demand: Alexandrite continues to be highly prized in modern times for its beauty and rarity. Its presence in contemporary jewelry signifies luxury and exclusivity.
• Synthetic Alexandrite: Due to its rarity and high cost, synthetic alexandrite has been developed, offering a more accessible option for those who admire the gemstone’s unique beauty.